Suchergebnisse

This research is part of the wider study of how languages and cultures are perceived, and how they influence the identity positioning of social actors in a multilingual and multicultural context. More specifically, this study focuses on the European Schools and their students, the Eurostudents. This choice was motivated by the unique context these schools offer for studying the relationship between language acquisition premised on an intercultural approach on the one hand, and the identity positioning of students on the other. In sum, the point was to better understand and explain the notion of a "European identity" and to give more precise meaning to the notion of "Europeans" as conceived by the founders of the European Union such as Jean Monnet, all in the context of the European School in Luxembourg and the educational language policy it practises. I set out to study the linguistic, cultural, and social experiences of the Eurostudents and the cultural representations these engendered, both of their own culture and of other European cultures. I then tried to understand how the interactions among these elements affect the identity positioning of the Eurostudents and their relationship with Others. My methodology consisted of an empirical study whose ethno-sociological dimension was the most important one. This choice was motivated by the fact that cultural representation and the manner in which individuals, in this case the Eurostudents, interpret their linguistic and cultural experiences are culturally situated. I conducted an ethno-sociological investigation consisting of a combination of observation, interviewing, and analysis of documents. This allowed me to not only identify the cultural representations (through a detailed analysis of what the social actors said in the interviews), but also to situate these cultural representations in their sociocultural context. The study revealed new sociocultural representations and a novel typology of identity positionings on the part of Eurostudents the origins of which lie in the rather important number of language and cultural factors that affect the way these students perceive themselves and define their identity. I selected three identity positionings revealed by this new typology for wider discussion, including a "European identity". My study confirms that the identity construction of the Eurostudents is a dynamic process, and my research also reveals that it is progressive, where the term "progress" symbolizes a certain transcendence of the intellectual barriers through which Others are perceived, which is a necessary condition for effecting a transition towards a "European identity". My work also opens up new perspectives for further research on the thorny question of how identity is positioned in a multilingual and multicultural milieu, a question for the study of which the socio-psychological approach associated with Lev Vygotski seems to be the theoretically most promising one. ; Cette recherche s'est inscrite dans le champ des études sur les perceptions liées aux langues et aux cultures, ainsi que leur influence sur le positionnement identitaire des acteurs sociaux dans un contexte plurilingue et pluriculturel. Nous nous sommes intéressés plus particulièrement au cas précis des Écoles européennes et leurs élèves, les euroélèves. Nous avons motivé ce choix par le contexte unique offert pour étudier le rapport entre l'apprentissage des langues selon une approche interculturelle et le positionnement identitaire des élèves. Il s'agissait, en somme, de mieux comprendre et expliquer la notion d'« identité européenne » et de donner un sens plus précis à la notion « des Européens » (au sens des fondateurs de l'Europe comme Jean Monnet), ceci en s'appuyant sur la politique linguistique éducative des Écoles européennes et le contexte précis de l'École européenne de Luxembourg.Dans ce cadre, nous nous sommes appliquées à étudier les expériences linguistiques, culturelles et sociales des euroélèves, ainsi que les représentations culturelles engendrées, relevant aussi bien de leur propre culture que celles des autres cultures européennes. Nous avons ensuite tenté de comprendre dans quelle mesure les interactions entre ces éléments influencent le positionnement identitaire des euroélèves et leur rapport avec les Autres. Pour ce faire, sur le plan méthodologique, nous avons mené une étude empirique dont la dimension ethnosociologique a constitué l'aspect le plus important. Nous avons motivé ce choix par le caractère culturellement situé des représentations culturelles et de la manière dont les individus (ici euroélèves) interprètent leurs propres expériences linguistiques et culturelles. Aussi, nous avons procédé par une enquête ethnosociologique basée sur une combinaison de plusieurs méthodes de collecte de données (observation, entrevue et analyse documentaire). Cette approche nous a permis de non seulement identifier les représentations culturelles (au travers d'une analyse fine des paroles des acteurs sociaux interviewés), mais également de les situer dans leur contexte socioculturel. Il résulte de ces travaux de nouvelles représentations socioculturelles et une typologie inédite du positionnement identitaire chez les euroélèves, dont l'origine se trouve dans le nombre assez important de facteurs langagiers et culturels qui entrent en jeu dans la façon dont ils se perçoivent et se définissant sur le plan identitaire et dont nous avons retenu et exposé plus amplement trois formes identitaires représentatives et plus particulièrement l'« identité européenne ». Tout en confirmant le caractère dynamique du processus de construction identitaire chez les euroélèves, notre recherche met de plus en évidence sa nature progressiste, où le terme « progrès » symbolise un certain dépassement de barrières intellectuelles de la perception des Autres, lequel semble une condition nécessaire pour assurer la transition vers une « identité européenne ». Nos travaux ouvrent également de nouvelles pistes de recherche sur la question épineuse de positionnement identitaire dans un milieu plurilingue et pluriculturel dont la piste sociopsychologique, basée sur les travaux de Lev Vygotski, nous semble sur le plan théorique particulièrement intéressante.

This research is part of the wider study of how languages and cultures are perceived, and how they influence the identity positioning of social actors in a multilingual and multicultural context. More specifically, this study focuses on the European Schools and their students, the Eurostudents. This choice was motivated by the unique context these schools offer for studying the relationship between language acquisition premised on an intercultural approach on the one hand, and the identity positioning of students on the other. In sum, the point was to better understand and explain the notion of a "European identity" and to give more precise meaning to the notion of "Europeans" as conceived by the founders of the European Union such as Jean Monnet, all in the context of the European School in Luxembourg and the educational language policy it practises. I set out to study the linguistic, cultural, and social experiences of the Eurostudents and the cultural representations these engendered, both of their own culture and of other European cultures. I then tried to understand how the interactions among these elements affect the identity positioning of the Eurostudents and their relationship with Others. My methodology consisted of an empirical study whose ethno-sociological dimension was the most important one. This choice was motivated by the fact that cultural representation and the manner in which individuals, in this case the Eurostudents, interpret their linguistic and cultural experiences are culturally situated. I conducted an ethno-sociological investigation consisting of a combination of observation, interviewing, and analysis of documents. This allowed me to not only identify the cultural representations (through a detailed analysis of what the social actors said in the interviews), but also to situate these cultural representations in their sociocultural context. The study revealed new sociocultural representations and a novel typology of identity positionings on the part of Eurostudents the origins of which lie in the rather important number of language and cultural factors that affect the way these students perceive themselves and define their identity. I selected three identity positionings revealed by this new typology for wider discussion, including a "European identity". My study confirms that the identity construction of the Eurostudents is a dynamic process, and my research also reveals that it is progressive, where the term "progress" symbolizes a certain transcendence of the intellectual barriers through which Others are perceived, which is a necessary condition for effecting a transition towards a "European identity". My work also opens up new perspectives for further research on the thorny question of how identity is positioned in a multilingual and multicultural milieu, a question for the study of which the socio-psychological approach associated with Lev Vygotski seems to be the theoretically most promising one. ; Cette recherche s'est inscrite dans le champ des études sur les perceptions liées aux langues et aux cultures, ainsi que leur influence sur le positionnement identitaire des acteurs sociaux dans un contexte plurilingue et pluriculturel. Nous nous sommes intéressés plus particulièrement au cas précis des Écoles européennes et leurs élèves, les euroélèves. Nous avons motivé ce choix par le contexte unique offert pour étudier le rapport entre l'apprentissage des langues selon une approche interculturelle et le positionnement identitaire des élèves. Il s'agissait, en somme, de mieux comprendre et expliquer la notion d'« identité européenne » et de donner un sens plus précis à la notion « des Européens » (au sens des fondateurs de l'Europe comme Jean Monnet), ceci en s'appuyant sur la politique linguistique éducative des Écoles européennes et le contexte précis de l'École européenne de Luxembourg.Dans ce cadre, nous nous sommes appliquées à étudier les expériences linguistiques, culturelles et sociales des euroélèves, ainsi que les représentations culturelles engendrées, relevant aussi bien de leur propre culture que celles des autres cultures européennes. Nous avons ensuite tenté de comprendre dans quelle mesure les interactions entre ces éléments influencent le positionnement identitaire des euroélèves et leur rapport avec les Autres. Pour ce faire, sur le plan méthodologique, nous avons mené une étude empirique dont la dimension ethnosociologique a constitué l'aspect le plus important. Nous avons motivé ce choix par le caractère culturellement situé des représentations culturelles et de la manière dont les individus (ici euroélèves) interprètent leurs propres expériences linguistiques et culturelles. Aussi, nous avons procédé par une enquête ethnosociologique basée sur une combinaison de plusieurs méthodes de collecte de données (observation, entrevue et analyse documentaire). Cette approche nous a permis de non seulement identifier les représentations culturelles (au travers d'une analyse fine des paroles des acteurs sociaux interviewés), mais également de les situer dans leur contexte socioculturel. Il résulte de ces travaux de nouvelles représentations socioculturelles et une typologie inédite du positionnement identitaire chez les euroélèves, dont l'origine se trouve dans le nombre assez important de facteurs langagiers et culturels qui entrent en jeu dans la façon dont ils se perçoivent et se définissant sur le plan identitaire et dont nous avons retenu et exposé plus amplement trois formes identitaires représentatives et plus particulièrement l'« identité européenne ». Tout en confirmant le caractère dynamique du processus de construction identitaire chez les euroélèves, notre recherche met de plus en évidence sa nature progressiste, où le terme « progrès » symbolise un certain dépassement de barrières intellectuelles de la perception des Autres, lequel semble une condition nécessaire pour assurer la transition vers une « identité européenne ». Nos travaux ouvrent également de nouvelles pistes de recherche sur la question épineuse de positionnement identitaire dans un milieu plurilingue et pluriculturel dont la piste sociopsychologique, basée sur les travaux de Lev Vygotski, nous semble sur le plan théorique particulièrement intéressante.

This research is part of the wider study of how languages and cultures are perceived, and how they influence the identity positioning of social actors in a multilingual and multicultural context. More specifically, this study focuses on the European Schools and their students, the Eurostudents. This choice was motivated by the unique context these schools offer for studying the relationship between language acquisition premised on an intercultural approach on the one hand, and the identity positioning of students on the other. In sum, the point was to better understand and explain the notion of a "European identity" and to give more precise meaning to the notion of "Europeans" as conceived by the founders of the European Union such as Jean Monnet, all in the context of the European School in Luxembourg and the educational language policy it practises. I set out to study the linguistic, cultural, and social experiences of the Eurostudents and the cultural representations these engendered, both of their own culture and of other European cultures. I then tried to understand how the interactions among these elements affect the identity positioning of the Eurostudents and their relationship with Others. My methodology consisted of an empirical study whose ethno-sociological dimension was the most important one. This choice was motivated by the fact that cultural representation and the manner in which individuals, in this case the Eurostudents, interpret their linguistic and cultural experiences are culturally situated. I conducted an ethno-sociological investigation consisting of a combination of observation, interviewing, and analysis of documents. This allowed me to not only identify the cultural representations (through a detailed analysis of what the social actors said in the interviews), but also to situate these cultural representations in their sociocultural context. The study revealed new sociocultural representations and a novel typology of identity positionings on the part of Eurostudents the origins of ...

There is a great discrepancy between the omnipresent demands for inclusion published by official bodies and ministries and the actual participation of people with disabilities in social life. The policy cultivates the rhetoric of inclusion in programmatic and conceptual formulations, while at the same time maintaining or even expanding separative institutions for those that are considered not to be eligible for inclusion in the fields of education and employment (see competence centres in education and 'inclusion' in sheltered workshops, or the persistent exclusion of persons under guardianship from the right to vote). Inclusion is viewed primarily from an economic and neo-liberal perspective, without questioning the basic principles of a meritocratic society oriented towards proven performance. Performance appraisals, especially in the area of education and work, are largely based on the performance demanded and shown without sufficiently taking into account the way the performance is achieved. In the educational sector, the incompatibility of introducing educational standards and achieving full inclusion is not recognised. Separating establishments are renamed to inclusive settings without any fundamental reorientation. The former regional special schools for pupils with cognitive impairments were re-branded as competence centres for intellectual development. With the introduction of the competence centres, no longer official figures are published regarding pupils who are taught separately. There are also no official figures on how many pupils were assigned to the competence centres from regular schools and vice versa. It is therefore impossible to give comparative statistical evidence of the extent to which inclusive education has currently developed in Luxembourg. With regard to employment, the same problems remain as those already identified in the first Action Plan. People with disabilities experience considerable difficulty in finding a job in the mainstream labour market. Unemployment is disproportionately high among people with disabilities and lasts much longer than among job seekers without disabilities. People with disabilities are increasingly oriented towards working in a sheltered workshop under the national guidelines of the Employment Agency. The employment quotas for people with disabilities, which are legally mandated, are largely not met and are not monitored or imposed by the state. Also, some social problems already addressed in the first Action Plan have still not been tackled, such as the legal incapacity of people under guardianship. People with disabilities under guardianship are extensively excluded from self-determination and political participation. They may not vote nor may they run as candidates. As a result, almost 10 years after the introduction of the UN-CRPD no improvement has been made in this area. Furthermore, there are still problems in the implementation of the accessibility of buildings and infrastructure for public use.